{"id":12,"count":4,"description":"Foundational programming knowledge for reverse engineering and analysis includes:\r\n\r\nLanguages & scripting: solid C\/C++ plus Python for automation.\r\n\r\nAssembly & ABI: x86\/x64\/ARM\/AArch64, calling conventions, sysV\/MS ABIs.\r\n\r\nArchitecture & memory: registers, stack vs. heap, endianness, pointers, bitwise ops, alignment\/packing.\r\n\r\nOS internals: processes\/threads, syscalls, virtual memory, loaders, dynamic linking, ELF\/PE\/Mach-O formats.\r\n\r\nCompilers & build: optimization effects (inlining, tail calls), RTTI\/exceptions, symbols\/relocations, linkers, build systems.\r\n\r\nData structures & algorithms: arrays, structs\/unions, hashing, graphs for control-flow\/data-flow reasoning.\r\n\r\nNetworking & crypto basics: protocols, hashes\/MACs\/ciphers, key handling.\r\n\r\nTooling: disassemblers\/decompilers (Ghidra, IDA, rizin), debuggers (gdb\/lldb\/WinDbg), tracers (strace\/ltrace), hex editors, diffing, regex\/YARA.\r\n\r\nAnti-analysis: packers\/obfuscation\/anti-debug; unpacking and bypass strategies.\r\n\r\nLab hygiene: VMs\/sandboxes, snapshots, safe logging and reproducibility.","link":"https:\/\/www.nullflag.com\/support\/kb\/cpp_c_java_arm64_javascript\/","name":"Cpp\/C\/Java\/Arm64ASM\/JavaScript","slug":"cpp_c_java_arm64_javascript","taxonomy":"knowledge_base","parent":0,"meta":[],"subcategories_count":0,"total_docs_count":4,"last_updated_time":"December 24, 2025","thumbnail":"https:\/\/www.nullflag.com\/support\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/09\/C-vs-Java.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nullflag.com\/support\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/knowledge_base\/12","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nullflag.com\/support\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/knowledge_base"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nullflag.com\/support\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/taxonomies\/knowledge_base"}],"wp:post_type":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nullflag.com\/support\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/docs?knowledge_base=12"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}